The summer of 1654. and the correspondence between Pascal and de Fermat can be considered as the beginning of modern probability theory. Mathematical problems related to games of chance were jointly solved using Pascal’s triangle and its connection with binomial coefficients. Christiaan Huygens continued their work and in 1667 published a booklet De ratiociniis in ludo aleae on probability theory based on the work of Pascal and de Fermat. The first theoretical discussion of probability as a number between 0 and 1 is found in Jacob Bernoulli’s work Ars conjectandi, published posthumously in 1713. In 1689, he published Bernouilli’s law of large numbers: if we repeat an experiment enough times, the relative frequency is equal to the probability of success. Abraham de Moivre complements and continues Bernoulli’s work in the work The doctrine of chance: A method of calculating the probabilities of events in play. Jacob Bernoulli’s nephew, Daniel Bernoulli, in the 1760s was the first to introduce differential calculus techniques into probability theory. With his work Theorie Analytique des probabilities, Pierre Simon Laplace founded the modern theory of probability, which was elaborated and supplemented by many mathematicians in the future.