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doctoral thesis
Protutaktni način rada termoelektričnih generatora pri korištenju otpadne toplinske energije audio pojačala snage u AB-klasi
2024. urn:nbn:hr:179:739286
Škalic, Ivan
University of Split
Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture

Cite this document

Škalic, I. (2024). Protutaktni način rada termoelektričnih generatora pri korištenju otpadne toplinske energije audio pojačala snage u AB-klasi (Doctoral thesis). Split: University of Split, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture. Retrieved from https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:179:739286

Škalic, Ivan. "Protutaktni način rada termoelektričnih generatora pri korištenju otpadne toplinske energije audio pojačala snage u AB-klasi." Doctoral thesis, University of Split, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, 2024. https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:179:739286

Škalic, Ivan. "Protutaktni način rada termoelektričnih generatora pri korištenju otpadne toplinske energije audio pojačala snage u AB-klasi." Doctoral thesis, University of Split, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, 2024. https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:179:739286

Škalic, I. (2024). 'Protutaktni način rada termoelektričnih generatora pri korištenju otpadne toplinske energije audio pojačala snage u AB-klasi', Doctoral thesis, University of Split, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, accessed 15 November 2024, https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:179:739286

Škalic I. Protutaktni način rada termoelektričnih generatora pri korištenju otpadne toplinske energije audio pojačala snage u AB-klasi [Doctoral thesis]. Split: University of Split, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture; 2024 [cited 2024 November 15] Available at: https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:179:739286

I. Škalic, "Protutaktni način rada termoelektričnih generatora pri korištenju otpadne toplinske energije audio pojačala snage u AB-klasi", Doctoral thesis, University of Split, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, Split, 2024. Available at: https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:179:739286

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Metadata
TitleProtutaktni način rada termoelektričnih generatora pri korištenju otpadne toplinske energije audio pojačala snage u AB-klasi
Title (english)Push-pull mode of thermoelectric generators operation in AB-class audio power amplifier energy harvesting process
AuthorIvan Škalic
MentorIvan Marinović (mentor)
Committee memberSven Gotovac (predsjednik povjerenstva)
Committee memberMojmil Cecić (član povjerenstva)
Committee memberJosip Musić (član povjerenstva)
Committee memberIvo Stančić (član povjerenstva)
Committee memberSaša Vlahinić (član povjerenstva)
GranterUniversity of Split
Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture
Split
Defense date and country2024-09-23, Croatia
Scientific / art field,
discipline and subdiscipline		TECHNICAL SCIENCES
Electrical Engineering
Electronics
Universal decimal classification
(UDC)		621.3 - Electrical engineering
Abstract
Audio pojačalo snage u AB-klasi je i dalje među najčešće korištenom klasom pojačala u audio sustavima koja zahtijevaju visoku kvalitetu reprodukcije zvuka. Glavna prednost ove klase pojačala su mala izobličenja izlaznog signala, dok se kao nedostatak ističe relativno nizak iznos efikasnosti. Taj nedostatak za posljedicu ima generiranje velikih iznosa otpadne energije, a koja se u najvećoj mjeri disipira u obliku topline na izlaznim tranzistorima. S obzirom da su korištena sklopovska rješenja u svrhu povećanja efikasnosti pojačala dosegla svoj vrhunac, tako se u ovoj disertaciji drugačijim pristupom nastojala povećati efikasnost cjelokupnog sustava s uključenim pojačalom snage. Primjenom termoelektričnih generatora na izlaznim tranzistorima, nastojalo se prikupiti što veći iznos otpadne toplinske energije, te je zatim pretvoriti u električnu energiju. Pretvorena energija se može iskoristiti na više načina, a hipoteza je da se s povratom te energije u krug napajanja pojačala, znatno može povećati stupanj efikasnosti sustava s pojačalom snage u AB-klasi. Disertacija započinje razvojem toplinsko-električnog modela termoelektričnog sustava sa pojačalom snage. Model kao ulazni parametar uzima snagu disipiranu na izlaznim tranzistorima, a model omogućava analizu utjecaja parametara sustava na ostvarene temperature i generiranu snagu na potrošaču termoelektričnog generatora. Analiza različitih toplinskih spojeva je također obuhvaćena modelom, redom su to pojedinačno spojeni generator, toplinsko serijski i toplinsko paralelni spoj generatora. Rezultati proizašli simulacijom modela su potvrdili određene početne pretpostavke, ali su istovremeno i ukazali na nove izazove. Na osnovu izmjerenih vrijednosti na laboratorijskom prototipu, provedena je verifikacija modela. S obzirom na ograničenja modela, istraživanje se nastavilo mjerenjima na uspostavljenom laboratorijskom prototipu. Toplinsko serijski spoj generatora se pokazao kao najbolji izbor za primjenu u pretvorbi toplinske energije disipirane na izlaznim tranzistorima. Međutim, kod takvog spoja se pojavljuje problem generiranja visokih temperatura na izlaznim tranzistorima. Kao rješenje, predložen je i teorijski analiziran protutaktni način rada termoelektričnih generatora. S različitim vremenima prebacivanja između sustava u predloženom načinu rada, moguće je kontrolirati temperaturu na izlaznim tranzistorima. Osim navedenog, napravljena je i analiza utjecaja različitih frekvencija ulaznog signala, te utjecaj primjene hladila različitih toplinskih otpora, na ostvarene temperature i generirane snage u sustavu. Na kraju, predstavljena je i procjena povećanja stupnja efikasnosti sustava s pojačalom i napravljena je analiza isplativosti primjene termoelektričnih generatora.
Abstract (english)
AB-Class power audio amplifier remains among the most used amplifier classes in audio systems that require high-quality sound reproduction. The main advantage of this amplifier class is the low distortion of the output signal, while the drawback is relatively low efficiency. This drawback results in the generation of large amounts of waste energy, which is mostly dissipated as heat on the output transistors. Given that circuitry solutions aimed at increasing the efficiency of amplifier have reached their peak, this dissertation adopts a different approach to enhance the overall system efficiency. By applying thermoelectric generators to the output transistors of the amplifier, aim was to collect as much waste heat energy as possible and convert it into electrical energy. The converted energy can be used in various ways, and the hypothesis is that by returning converted energy to the amplifier’s power supply circuit, the efficiency of the AB-Class power can be significantly increased. The dissertation starts by developing a thermal-electric model of the thermoelectric system with a power amplifier. The model uses the power dissipated on the output transistors as an input parameter, allowing for the examination of the influence of system parameters on the achieved temperatures and the power output at the generator’s load. The model also includes the analysis of different thermal connections of thermoelectric generators, individually connected generators, thermal series, and thermal parallel connections of the generators. The results confirmed certain initial assumptions but also indicated new challenges. Based on measured values on a laboratory prototype, the model was verified. Considering certain model limitations, the research continued with measurements on the established laboratory prototype. The thermal series connection of the generators proved to be the best choice for application on the output transistors in terms of generated power. However, this connection generates high temperatures on the output transistors. To address this issue, a push-pull operating mode of thermoelectric generators was proposed and analysed. With different switching times between systems in the proposed mode, it is possible to control the temperature on the output transistors. The impact of different input signal frequencies and the use of heatsinks with different thermal resistances on the achieved temperatures and generated power was analysed. Finally, an evaluation of the improved efficiency of the system with power amplifier was presented, along with an analysis of the cost-effectiveness of utilizing thermoelectric generators for this purpose.
Keywords
Keywords (english)
Languagecroatian
URN:NBNurn:nbn:hr:179:739286
Promotion2024
Study programmeTitle: Electrical Engineering and Information Technology
Study programme type: university
Study level: postgraduate
Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica znanosti, područje tehničkih znanosti, polje elektrotehnika (doktor/doktorica znanosti, područje tehničkih znanosti, polje elektrotehnika)
Type of resourceText
File originBorn digital
Access conditionsOpen access
Terms of useLicence In copyright icon
Created on2024-10-14 08:45:55